During the 1970s Brazil's vast Amazon region became the site of intense economic development and national fantasy; seen as a potential source of limitless wealth, it came to represent Brazil's bright future. Yet at least one major problem remained: what to do about the native Brazilian population-the Amazonian Indians-who used to populate the region. Should I Kill Them? is a scathing look at the terrible consequences of uncontrolled development and misguided government policies. Using both staged and actual interviews with officials, experts, and local inhabitants, Bianchi constructs the film around a series of questions-for example, "How is it that a tribe thriving in the late 1950s has been reduced by the 1980s to a single member?" Still controversial, Should I Kill Them? exposes the paternalism and hypocrisy that has characterized so many governments' relations with their native populations throughout the Americas.