Director in Person at All Screenings
With rare exception, Bollywood's dominance of the Indian film industry has stressed a pan-cinema that conjures a generic India free of regional strife, poverty, and political inequalities. In the mid-seventies, a parallel (or antidotal) cinema emerged, driven by such remarkable directors as Mani Kaul, Mrinal Sen, Kumar Shahani, and, perhaps most important, Shyam Benegal, whose first feature, Ankur (1974), announced a realist cinema of determined independence. A prolific director, Benegal makes films that are charged by social relevance and rely on naturalistic acting, unlike the artificiality of much Bollywood fare; and though they are in Hindi, the use of regional dialects grounds them in a more specific cultural milieu. Of equal importance is Benegal's committed attention to the plight of India's women. His striking films, such as Bhumika (1977) and Zubeidaa (2001), frequently have spirited female protagonists at their core, women struggling heartily against the restraints of caste and gender in a decidedly patriarchal society. It is through these fully realized female characters that Benegal points us toward social change, considering the inequities of traditional culture that linger in the midst of emerging modernity. Shyam Benegal will honor us with his presence throughout this short series.