On a buying trip to Chicago in 1905, clothing merchant Carl Laemmle was struck by the popularity of the nickelodeon theater, with its variety shows and short films. Within weeks, Laemmle abandoned his former career and began promoting these primitive movie houses. His efforts prospered and on April 30, 1912, the Universal Film Manufacturing Company was created through the merger of several independent companies. And so was born the oldest continuously operating film producer and distributor in the United States, recognized universally by its spinning globe logo.
From its beginnings under Laemmle, there was a discernible tension between Universal's mission to produce low-budget “programmers” and the desire to compete with better-financed studios and their more reputable fare. While many of Universal's early “prestige” titles are now much-admired classics, including All Quiet on the Western Front (1930), it remains the B movies, including its iconic 1930s horror cycle (Frankenstein, Dracula, The Mummy), that epitomize its contribution to film history.
When antitrust cases reorganized the film industry in the later 1940s, Universal was able to move into the A-list with top-notch entertainment that validated popular genres, including melodramas (Imitation of Life), sex farces (Pillow Talk), rollicking comedies (Francis), and suspense (The Birds). By the mid-1970s, Universal shook-up the industry with the release of Jaws, redefining the notion of the blockbuster. Throughout its history, Universal has challenged the distinctions between fine art and popular entertainment. We are pleased to celebrate the hundred-year legacy of Universal Pictures.